Which of the following is not a basic structural component of language?

The correct answer is "C. Vocalology" because this term does not represent a generally accepted basic structural component of language. Instead, it might refer informally to the study of the human voice or vocal characteristics, rather than the framework of language itself.

The other options are recognized elements crucial to understanding language. Syntax involves the rules that govern sentence structure, determining how words combine to form meaningful sentences. Phonology focuses on the sound systems of languages, dealing with how sounds function and are organized. Semantics pertains to meaning, exploring how individuals interpret words and sentences based on context and cultural understanding.

Together, syntax, phonology, and semantics form foundational structures necessary for language development and communication, while vocalology does not fit within this framework.