Which of the following is considered a type of secondary brain damage?

Secondary brain damage refers to brain injuries that occur as a consequence of primary injuries, often due to processes like increased intracranial pressure, hypoxia, or inflammation. Hematomas, which are collections of blood outside of blood vessels, can occur after a primary injury such as a concussion or contusion. They can create pressure on brain tissue and further damage it, making hematomas a clear example of secondary brain damage.

In contrast, concussion, fracture, and contusion are typically classified as primary injuries. A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury that affects brain function, often resulting from a blow to the head. A fracture refers to a break in the skull or cranial bones, while a contusion is a bruise on the brain itself where the tissue is damaged. These injuries occur at the time of the initial impact and do not evolve from another injury, which distinguishes them from secondary brain damage.